Individuals experiencing rectal bleeding due to hemorrhoids often believe their treatment options are limited. However, recently hemorrhoidal artery embolization has emerged as a promising new solution for this problem. For those with bleeding caused by internal hemorrhoids, this minimally invasive procedure offers an effective alternative alongside traditional methods. Hemorrhoidal artery embolization uses a specialized embolization technology to target problematic vessels. This method provides high success rates in stopping bleeding and alleviating symptoms. Therefore, patients now have more treatment options.
What Is Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization?
Hemorrhoidal artery embolization is a new and effective method used to treat internal hemorrhoids. This procedure is especially preferred in chronic bleeding cases. As a minimally invasive technique, patient comfort is prioritized throughout the process. During the procedure, the problematic vessels in the anus or rectum are accessed via an artery in the arm or groin. No direct intervention is made through the anus.
What Are the Advantages of Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization?
Hemorrhoidal artery embolization offers significant advantages in hemorrhoid treatment. Because this method is less invasive, it stands out. Patients typically return to their daily lives shortly after treatment. Since no hospital stay is required, patients enjoy a comfortable recovery at home. Additionally, unlike major surgical interventions, there are no incisions or stitches, so the healing process is generally faster.
- Less Pain: By avoiding large surgical cuts, this method minimizes post-procedure pain.
- Short Recovery Time: Patients usually resume normal activities within a day.
- No Scarring
Treated patients often experience immediate relief and reduced bleeding. The results can be long-lasting, with fewer side effects compared to major surgery.
How Does Embolization Differ from Other Treatments?
Hemorrhoidal artery embolization offers unique advantages in hemorrhoid treatment. Compared to traditional surgical methods, this minimally invasive procedure benefits both patients and the healthcare system. Only minimal intervention is required, speeding recovery and reducing post-procedure complications. Patients can usually go home the same day.
- Non-Surgical: No tissue cutting or incisions, leading to less pain and faster healing.
- Minimally Invasive: Only a small skin puncture is needed, resulting in less bleeding and no visible scars.
- Outpatient Procedure: Patients can quickly return to daily life.
- Effective for Large Hemorrhoids: Reduces and eliminates large hemorrhoids.
- Low Recurrence Rates: Lower likelihood of hemorrhoid recurrence compared to surgery.
- Long-Term Efficacy: By reducing arterial blood flow, it addresses the underlying vascular issue.
What Tests Are Done Before Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization?
Before hemorrhoidal artery embolization, your doctor will plan various tests to thoroughly assess your condition. Determining the location and severity of hemorrhoids is paramount, and ruling out other causes of symptoms is also necessary. Pre-procedure tests include:
- Colonoscopy: A flexible camera examines the lining of the rectum and colon, detecting hemorrhoids and other intestinal issues.
- MRI or CT Scan: These imaging methods evaluate hemorrhoid size and surrounding tissue condition, clearly visualizing their location and impact.
- Digital Rectal Exam: The doctor uses a gloved finger to check for abnormalities or lumps inside the rectum, providing a quick assessment of hemorrhoid presence and characteristics.
How Is Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization Performed?
The procedure is carefully planned according to the patient’s condition. First, the patient consults in detail with an interventional radiologist to discuss procedure steps and preparations. On the day of the procedure, the patient is taken to the interventional radiology suite.
Pre-procedure preparations:
- Establishing an IV line
- Necessary medical imaging
The procedure typically lasts 20–30 minutes. An anesthesiologist administers sedatives as needed; general anesthesia is not required, and patients can rest comfortably during the procedure.
During the procedure:
- Applying embolization techniques
- Continuous monitoring of the patient’s condition
After completion, the patient rests for one hour in the recovery area, followed by one hour of observation in the outpatient unit, where vital signs and any potential complications are assessed. Full clearance is given before discharge, allowing patients to resume normal activities the same day.
What Are the Results of Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization?
- Reduction in bleeding severity
- Increase in overall quality of life
There are no cosmetic side effects or visible scars, and the procedure can be safely repeated if symptoms recur.
What Are the Risks of Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization?
While hemorrhoidal artery embolization carries a low risk of major complications, minor risks exist as with any medical procedure. The most common minor complication is post-embolization syndrome, which can cause low-grade fever and local irritation, typically resolving within a few days. Other rare complications include:
- Mild bleeding
- Temporary pain
- Tissue injury
What Is the Post-Procedure Process?
After embolization, patients enter a rapid recovery phase. It is crucial to follow the healthcare team’s instructions carefully. Mild pain may occur and is usually managed with over-the-counter analgesics; contact your doctor if pain intensifies. Take prescribed medications on schedule to enhance success and reduce side effects. To support recovery:
- Pain management: Use OTC pain relievers as needed.
- Medication adherence: Take all prescribed drugs at the correct dosage and intervals.
- Dietary adjustments:
- Drink plenty of water
- Include fiber-rich foods in your diet
- Hygiene:
- Keep the anal area clean
- Use warm sitz baths for comfort
- Physical activity: Light walking after doctor’s approval.
- Follow-up appointments: Regular check-ups to monitor progress and potential complications.
Active participation in your care accelerates healing and ensures a comfortable recovery.
Additional Resources and Documents
https://ozgurkilickesmez.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Clinical-Outcomes-Following-Rectal-Artery-Embolisation-for-the-Treatment-of-Internal-Haemorrhoids-1.pdf
https://ozgurkilickesmez.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Rectal-Artery-Embolization-for-Hemorrhoidal-Disease-1.pdf
Prof. Dr. Özgür Kılıçkesmez graduated from Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty in 1997. He completed his specialization at Istanbul Education and Research Hospital. He received training in interventional radiology and oncology in London. He founded the interventional radiology department at Istanbul Çam and Sakura City Hospital and became a professor in 2020. He holds many international awards and certificates, has over 150 scientific publications, and has been cited more than 1500 times. He is currently working at Medicana Ataköy Hospital.
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