{"id":15305,"date":"2026-04-20T10:37:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T07:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/?p=15305"},"modified":"2026-10-13T19:26:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T16:26:12","slug":"varicocele-embolization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/","title":{"rendered":"Varicocele Embolization: Procedure, Benefits and Recovery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profdrozgurkilickesmez\/videos\/non-surgical-varicocele-treatment-minimally-invasive-embolization-techniquevaric\/2137614553768746\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Varicocele embolization<\/a> is the permanent closure of diseased veins in the testicles by entering through the vessel under angiographic guidance without making a surgical incision. This non-surgical procedure, performed by interventional radiology specialists, is the most advanced treatment method carried out through only a needle hole, without stitches and without requiring hospitalization. Unlike classical surgery, this procedure, which does not carry the risk of general anesthesia, has extremely high success rates in relieving pain complaints and supporting reproductive health by improving sperm parameters. This comfortable approach offered by modern technology allows patients to return to their social lives on the same day by directly intervening in the problematic vessel without damaging the tissues.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Is_Varicocele_Disease_That_Requires_Varicocele_Embolization_Treatment\" >What Is Varicocele Disease That Requires Varicocele Embolization Treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#Why_Are_Most_Varicocele_Cases_Seen_on_the_Left_Side_and_Require_Varicocele_Embolization\" >Why Are Most Varicocele Cases Seen on the Left Side and Require Varicocele Embolization?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Are_the_Effects_of_the_Disease_on_the_Body_and_the_Symptoms_Indicating_the_Need_for_Varicocele_Embolization\" >What Are the Effects of the Disease on the Body and the Symptoms Indicating the Need for Varicocele Embolization?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Is_the_Relationship_Between_Varicocele_and_Infertility_and_How_Does_Varicocele_Embolization_Resolve_This_Situation\" >What Is the Relationship Between Varicocele and Infertility and How Does Varicocele Embolization Resolve This Situation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#How_Does_the_Definitive_Diagnosis_Process_Work_Before_Deciding_on_Varicocele_Embolization\" >How Does the Definitive Diagnosis Process Work Before Deciding on Varicocele Embolization?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#Is_Surgery_or_Varicocele_Embolization_Necessary_in_Every_Diagnosed_Case\" >Is Surgery or Varicocele Embolization Necessary in Every Diagnosed Case?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Is_Varicocele_Embolization_Compared_to_Traditional_Surgeries_and_What_Are_Its_Advantages\" >What Is Varicocele Embolization Compared to Traditional Surgeries and What Are Its Advantages?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Preparation_Processes_Await_Patients_in_the_Hospital_on_the_Day_of_Varicocele_Embolization\" >What Preparation Processes Await Patients in the Hospital on the Day of Varicocele Embolization?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#If_We_Proceed_Step_by_Step_Where_and_How_Is_Entry_Made_into_the_Body_in_the_Varicocele_Embolization_Procedure\" >If We Proceed Step by Step, Where and How Is Entry Made into the Body in the Varicocele Embolization Procedure?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#Why_Is_Venography_Vascular_Mapping_Used_in_Varicocele_Embolization_So_Critical\" >Why Is Venography (Vascular Mapping) Used in Varicocele Embolization So Critical?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Materials_Are_Used_to_Close_Faulty_Veins_in_Varicocele_Embolization\" >What Materials Are Used to Close Faulty Veins in Varicocele Embolization?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#Why_Is_Varicocele_Embolization_More_Advantageous_Than_Classical_Surgeries_in_Terms_of_Patient_Comfort\" >Why Is Varicocele Embolization More Advantageous Than Classical Surgeries in Terms of Patient Comfort?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#Why_Is_Varicocele_Embolization_Preferred_in_Patients_with_Recurrence_After_Classical_Surgery\" >Why Is Varicocele Embolization Preferred in Patients with Recurrence After Classical Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Is_the_Recovery_Period_Like_After_Varicocele_Embolization_When_the_Procedure_Is_Completed\" >What Is the Recovery Period Like After Varicocele Embolization When the Procedure Is Completed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#When_Do_Values_Improve_After_Varicocele_Embolization_in_Those_Who_Want_to_Have_Children\" >When Do Values Improve After Varicocele Embolization in Those Who Want to Have Children?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#Do_Patients_Feel_Any_Pain_During_the_Varicocele_Embolization_Procedure\" >Do Patients Feel Any Pain During the Varicocele Embolization Procedure?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#Is_the_Radiation_Received_During_Varicocele_Embolization_Using_Imaging_Devices_Dangerous\" >Is the Radiation Received During Varicocele Embolization Using Imaging Devices Dangerous?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#From_an_Aesthetic_Perspective_Does_the_Appearance_of_the_Testicles_Improve_After_Varicocele_Embolization\" >From an Aesthetic Perspective, Does the Appearance of the Testicles Improve After Varicocele Embolization?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#If_There_Is_a_Problem_in_Both_Testicles_Can_Varicocele_Embolization_Be_Applied_to_Both_Sides_in_a_Single_Session\" >If There Is a Problem in Both Testicles, Can Varicocele Embolization Be Applied to Both Sides in a Single Session?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Are_the_Possible_Side_Effects_of_Varicocele_Embolization_as_a_Medical_Procedure\" >What Are the Possible Side Effects of Varicocele Embolization as a Medical Procedure?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/varicocele-embolization\/#What_Should_a_Patient_Who_Decides_on_Varicocele_Embolization_Bring_with_Them_When_Coming_to_the_Hospital\" >What Should a Patient Who Decides on Varicocele Embolization Bring with Them When Coming to the Hospital?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Varicocele_Disease_That_Requires_Varicocele_Embolization_Treatment\"><\/span>What Is Varicocele Disease That Requires Varicocele Embolization Treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most basic function of the veins in our body is to carry blood that has been used in the tissues and has low oxygen back to the heart against gravity for purification. During this difficult upward journey, there are small one-way valves on the inner surfaces of the vessels to prevent the blood from flowing backward. Varicocele disease is the condition in which these valves in the vascular network surrounding the testicles, medically called the pampiniform plexus, deteriorate over time or are congenitally insufficient.<\/p>\n<p>When the valves cannot perform their function, the blood that should normally be pumped upward flows backward with the effect of gravity and begins to pool in the veins around the testicles. You can think of this as a version of the varicose vein problem we often encounter in the legs, occurring in the scrotum. The continuous accumulation of blood in this region causes the veins to expand, lengthen, and become twisted enough to be noticeable from the outside. This condition, which affects a significant portion of the male population, usually begins during adolescence and may show a slowly progressive character as age advances.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Are_Most_Varicocele_Cases_Seen_on_the_Left_Side_and_Require_Varicocele_Embolization\"><\/span>Why Are Most Varicocele Cases Seen on the Left Side and Require Varicocele Embolization?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When clinical examinations and statistics are reviewed, it is clearly seen that the varicocele problem mostly occurs in the left testicle. This situation is entirely a physical fact related to the anatomical design of the human body. The testicular vein on the left side is noticeably longer than the one on the right. The increased length of the vein increases the weight of the blood column inside it and makes it much more difficult to push the blood upward, increasing hydrostatic pressure.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the angle at which the left vein connects to the main vein is also of great importance. The left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angle of ninety degrees. This right angle creates a natural and mechanical resistance against the continuously flowing main bloodstream, triggering backward flow. Another condition known in medicine as the nutcracker phenomenon is the compression of the left renal vein between two large and rigid arteries in the abdomen. This compression leads to a massive pressure buildup in the system behind it and paves the way for the expansion of the testicular veins at the farthest point, making the formation of varicocele inevitable.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Effects_of_the_Disease_on_the_Body_and_the_Symptoms_Indicating_the_Need_for_Varicocele_Embolization\"><\/span>What Are the Effects of the Disease on the Body and the Symptoms Indicating the Need for Varicocele Embolization?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In many cases, varicocele progresses insidiously and does not cause any obvious complaints. People usually learn that they have this condition incidentally during routine health checks performed for another purpose or during infertility investigations. However, when the disease begins to show symptoms, it can significantly reduce quality of life. The most common complaint is discomforting pain felt in the scrotum, especially increasing in the later hours of the day.<\/p>\n<p>This type of pain is described not as sharp but as dull, aching, and more like a pulling sensation. Standing for long periods, working in jobs that require heavy physical effort, or engaging in strenuous sports increase the severity of this pain. Lying on the back and resting usually relieves the patient, as it allows the blood in the veins to drain.<\/p>\n<p>Common symptoms include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dull pain<\/li>\n<li>Feeling of heaviness<\/li>\n<li>Swelling<\/li>\n<li>Visible veins<\/li>\n<li>Shrinkage in the testicle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Especially in severe and early-stage varicoceles that begin during adolescence, due to the pressure and high temperature caused by continuously accumulating impure blood, a developmental delay or noticeable shrinkage may occur in the affected testicle compared to peers.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_Relationship_Between_Varicocele_and_Infertility_and_How_Does_Varicocele_Embolization_Resolve_This_Situation\"><\/span>What Is the Relationship Between Varicocele and Infertility and How Does Varicocele Embolization Resolve This Situation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Varicocele is the most common and also treatable and reversible cause of male infertility. This condition is detected in a large proportion of men who want to have a child for the first time but fail. In men who already have a child but experience problems with the second or third child, the rate of varicocele is much higher. The main mechanism behind this strong connection is the disruption of the body&#8217;s delicate heat balance.<\/p>\n<p>There is a vital reason why the testicles are located outside the human body in a separate sac. For a healthy sperm production process, the temperature of the testicles must always be slightly lower than normal body temperature. When varicocele develops, the blood that constantly stagnates and pools in the enlarged veins acts like a warm radiator around the testicles, increasing the overall temperature of the region. Even a slight increase in temperature disrupts the functioning of the sensitive cells responsible for sperm production.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the oxygen level in the impure blood that remains in the same place continuously decreases. This leads to hypoxia at the cellular level. Moreover, some waste substances that should be filtered from the kidneys may also descend to the testicles due to this reverse flow. When all these negative conditions combine, the total number of sperm decreases, their ability to move forward weakens, and their normal physical structures required to fertilize the egg are impaired.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_the_Definitive_Diagnosis_Process_Work_Before_Deciding_on_Varicocele_Embolization\"><\/span>How Does the Definitive Diagnosis Process Work Before Deciding on Varicocele Embolization?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most important step of a successful treatment process is the correct, complete, and definitive diagnosis of the disease. The diagnostic process always begins with a detailed physician evaluation and is confirmed with the help of modern radiological devices. Listening to the patient&#8217;s complaints and performing a careful examination form the basis of the diagnostic process.<\/p>\n<p>During the examination, the patient is asked to stand and perform straining maneuvers that increase intra-abdominal pressure. In this way, the severity of the backward flow of blood in the veins is assessed by palpation and the degree of the disease is determined. Then, the imaging phase is initiated to examine the deepest anatomical details that cannot be detected visually or manually. If there are concerns related to reproductive health, the condition of the cells is examined at the microscopic level in a laboratory environment.<\/p>\n<p>The main diagnostic tools used are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Physical examination<\/li>\n<li>Ultrasonography<\/li>\n<li>Sperm test<\/li>\n<li>Blood tests<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ultrasonography devices measure the diameter of the vessels in millimeters using sound waves and display the direction of blood flow on the screen as color maps. Calculating how long the flow leaks backward in seconds establishes a definitive diagnosis.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Surgery_or_Varicocele_Embolization_Necessary_in_Every_Diagnosed_Case\"><\/span>Is Surgery or Varicocele Embolization Necessary in Every Diagnosed Case?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the common misconceptions in society is the belief that every detected varicocele in the body absolutely requires intervention. This is extremely incorrect. Mild varicoceles that are detected incidentally and do not cause any discomfort or impair reproductive functions are usually not treated; only regular monitoring is recommended.<\/p>\n<p>However, if a person has been unable to have a child for a long time and sperm parameters are found to be impaired in tests, treatment is strongly recommended. Likewise, if there are chronic testicular pains that turn daily life into a nightmare and prevent the person from working or participating in social life, intervention becomes inevitable. Especially in adolescents, a noticeable lag in the development of one testicle compared to the other requires an urgent treatment decision in order to preserve the future functions of the organ.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Varicocele_Embolization_Compared_to_Traditional_Surgeries_and_What_Are_Its_Advantages\"><\/span>What Is Varicocele Embolization Compared to Traditional Surgeries and What Are Its Advantages?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><iframe title=\"Varicocele Embolization Procedure - Prof. Dr. \u00d6zg\u00fcr K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kesmez\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w7Ii-v_CqWQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Interventional radiology, one of the peak points of modern medical technologies, uses the vast vascular network in the human body like a highway system. The treatment method that allows reaching the target area through this network without making any external incision is called embolization. In open surgical procedures, an incision is made in the groin area with a scalpel, subcutaneous tissues and muscles are separated, and the vascular bundle passing through is found and the veins considered diseased are tied off one by one from the outside.<\/p>\n<p>Varicocele embolization, on the other hand, is a delicate method that works entirely from the inside. A very thin needle is inserted into one of the main veins in the neck or groin region. By observing the inside of the vessels live on the screen, progress is made through the depths of the body and the exact center of the problematic vein descending to the scrotum is reached. Instead of cutting or tying from the outside, the inside of the vein is filled with various medical materials and permanently blocked. When the diseased vein is taken out of circulation, the blood immediately redirects to nearby healthy veins as a natural defense mechanism, and the problem is resolved at its root. Its greatest advantage, in addition to being a non-surgical method, is that it allows complete visualization of the internal vascular network and perfect closure of collateral pathways.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Preparation_Processes_Await_Patients_in_the_Hospital_on_the_Day_of_Varicocele_Embolization\"><\/span>What Preparation Processes Await Patients in the Hospital on the Day of Varicocele Embolization?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This innovative treatment is a procedure that does not require the patient to stay in the hospital for days and can be completed within the same day, allowing them to return home. When arriving at the hospital on the day of the procedure, the preparation processes are quite calm and comfortable. In order for the procedure to proceed smoothly, the patient&#8217;s stomach is required to be empty; therefore, it is generally recommended not to eat or drink anything after midnight before the intervention.<\/p>\n<p>After hospital admission procedures are completed, blood samples are taken and sent to the laboratory to check the general health condition and ensure the safety of the procedure. These tests clearly show whether the blood clots normally and how well the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering the drugs to be used during the procedure, are functioning.<\/p>\n<p>Routine tests requested before the procedure include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Complete blood count<\/li>\n<li>Coagulation profile<\/li>\n<li>Kidney function tests<\/li>\n<li>Viral screenings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When the test results are appropriate, the patient is taken to the procedure room wearing a special gown. Since general anesthesia is not used, the patient does not need to go through prolonged awakening processes with a companion.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_We_Proceed_Step_by_Step_Where_and_How_Is_Entry_Made_into_the_Body_in_the_Varicocele_Embolization_Procedure\"><\/span>If We Proceed Step by Step, Where and How Is Entry Made into the Body in the Varicocele Embolization Procedure?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The procedure is performed in angiography units equipped with advanced technology, high-resolution screens, and special X-ray devices. The patient is laid on a comfortable procedure table in a supine position. As the entry point to the body, the large vein passing just next to the right jugular vein in the neck or the vein in the groin area is usually preferred. Access through the neck offers unique advantages such as anatomically straighter vascular pathways and the patient being able to stand up immediately after the procedure.<\/p>\n<p>The small area where the entry will be made is completely numbed with local anesthesia using a thin needle. In this way, the patient only perceives a slight touch sensation during the procedure and definitely does not feel sharp pain. After numbness is achieved, a thin plastic sheath is placed inside the vein. The entire procedure is managed through this small sheath using very soft, steerable, and hollow medical tubes.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Is_Venography_Vascular_Mapping_Used_in_Varicocele_Embolization_So_Critical\"><\/span>Why Is Venography (Vascular Mapping) Used in Varicocele Embolization So Critical?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When the main entrance of the target vein is reached with thin tubes called catheters, the most vital stage determining the success of the treatment begins. Through this thin tube, a special medical dye that makes the vessels visible in X-ray devices is injected. When this dye spreads through the vascular network, a highly detailed and dynamic map of all the vessels in that region appears on the computer screens.<\/p>\n<p>During this mapping process, the patient is asked to strain forcefully. The high pressure created by straining reveals all hidden leakage pathways, bridging veins, and tiny collateral branches that normally remain concealed. In traditional open surgical operations, only the veins visible through the incision in the groin can be tied, so these deep and hidden collateral branches are usually overlooked. Venography mapping is unique because it allows identifying the source of the problem down to microscopic levels.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Materials_Are_Used_to_Close_Faulty_Veins_in_Varicocele_Embolization\"><\/span>What Materials Are Used to Close Faulty Veins in Varicocele Embolization?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After the problematic and leaking veins are mapped and their locations are precisely determined, the closure process begins. At this stage, extremely safe and fully biocompatible materials selected according to the patient&#8217;s anatomy and the width of the veins are used. In modern medicine, the highest permanence success is achieved with techniques that use occlusive agents with different properties together.<\/p>\n<p>Metallic coils, which are released into the vein through the catheter and take on a tangled shape by folding onto themselves when released, mechanically block the blood flow like a wall. In addition, drugs that cause contraction when they contact the inner surface of the vein and ensure its permanent closure are also included in the process. The combination of these two methods creates a leak-proof and lifelong occlusion.<\/p>\n<p>The main occlusive materials used are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Metallic coils<\/li>\n<li>Sclerosing agents<\/li>\n<li>Liquid adhesives<\/li>\n<li>Occlusive plugs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These materials are designed to remain in the body for life and are never felt from the outside.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Is_Varicocele_Embolization_More_Advantageous_Than_Classical_Surgeries_in_Terms_of_Patient_Comfort\"><\/span>Why Is Varicocele Embolization More Advantageous Than Classical Surgeries in Terms of Patient Comfort?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Surgical interventions, no matter how microscopically they are performed, inherently require cutting, separating, and then suturing tissues. This situation brings both the risks of general anesthesia during the procedure and extends the recovery period to weeks. After surgery, tension at the suture sites, pain, and the risk of infection significantly limit the patient&#8217;s comfort for a while.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, in the non-surgical embolization method, the patient is awake from start to finish. They are conscious, can chat with the physician performing the procedure, and listen to music. Since there are no scalpel marks, wounds, or stitches on the body, there is no need for wound care or dressings. Moreover, while there is a risk of accidentally damaging the surrounding testicular artery or lymphatic channels in open surgery, embolization is performed entirely from within the vessel, so the surrounding tissues are completely safe.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Is_Varicocele_Embolization_Preferred_in_Patients_with_Recurrence_After_Classical_Surgery\"><\/span>Why Is Varicocele Embolization Preferred in Patients with Recurrence After Classical Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In a certain percentage of patients who undergo open varicocele surgery, the disease may recur months or years later due to overlooked small veins. This condition is called recurrence. When the disease recurs, performing a second open surgical operation is an extremely risky and difficult decision. The healing tissues formed in the area of the first surgery cause the vessels and nerves to adhere to each other in a complex manner.<\/p>\n<p>Advancing with a scalpel again within these adhered tissues dramatically increases the risk of damaging healthy organs. However, the embolization method does not even approach this problematic groin area. Since the treatment is carried out entirely through a different route by entering through a distant vein, previous surgical scars and scar tissues in the groin do not negatively affect the process in any way. For this reason, embolization is the number one lifesaving treatment for recurrent cases worldwide.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_Recovery_Period_Like_After_Varicocele_Embolization_When_the_Procedure_Is_Completed\"><\/span>What Is the Recovery Period Like After Varicocele Embolization When the Procedure Is Completed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After the vein is completely closed and all leakages are prevented, the procedure is concluded. The thin tube inside the vein is gently withdrawn, and only light pressure is applied with a finger for a few minutes to the point where the needle entered. Since there is no incision, there is no need for stitches; only a small bandage is applied to that point. The patient walks on their own feet to the recovery room and is usually discharged from the hospital and sent home after a short observation period of one to two hours.<\/p>\n<p>The recovery process at home is quite comfortable. On the first day, it is sufficient for the patient to rest at home and avoid exertion. Individuals who work at a desk or do not have jobs requiring heavy physical activity can usually return to their normal daily lives the very next day. It is recommended to take only a short break from sports requiring serious effort and heavy lifting.<\/p>\n<p>Things to consider after discharge include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rest<\/li>\n<li>Plenty of fluid intake<\/li>\n<li>Light walking<\/li>\n<li>Healthy nutrition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Feeling very mild aches is considered normal and can be easily relieved with simple pharmacy medications.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Do_Values_Improve_After_Varicocele_Embolization_in_Those_Who_Want_to_Have_Children\"><\/span>When Do Values Improve After Varicocele Embolization in Those Who Want to Have Children?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After a successful treatment, patients usually expect to see an immediate improvement in test results, but the biological clock of the human body works differently. The production of new and healthy sperm in the testicles, their maturation, and becoming ready for ejaculation is a complex and time-consuming process. This cycle requires an average of seventy-two to ninety days.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the first follow-up tests to observe the positive effects of the treatment on reproductive cells are performed at the end of the third month. In the majority of patients, very significant improvements in sperm count, motility, and morphology are detected during this period. By the sixth month, improvement reaches its maximum level and stabilizes. Many couples with impaired reproductive health achieve the chance to conceive naturally within the first year after this treatment.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_Patients_Feel_Any_Pain_During_the_Varicocele_Embolization_Procedure\"><\/span>Do Patients Feel Any Pain During the Varicocele Embolization Procedure?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the biggest concerns in many patients&#8217; minds is whether the procedure will be painful. There are no nerve endings in the inner surfaces of the blood vessels in our body that can perceive pain. Therefore, while the thin tubes called catheters advance within the vessel or materials are placed, patients do not feel anything inside at all. The only sensation felt is the mosquito bite-like contact at the first second when the needle passes through the skin, just like in a standard blood draw or IV line insertion.<\/p>\n<p>Since this entry point is already strongly numbed with special medications beforehand, the pain sensation is completely eliminated. During the injection of the dye used for mapping the vessels, a mild warmth or a warm wave sensation lasting a few seconds may be felt in that area, which is completely normal and disappears quickly.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_the_Radiation_Received_During_Varicocele_Embolization_Using_Imaging_Devices_Dangerous\"><\/span>Is the Radiation Received During Varicocele Embolization Using Imaging Devices Dangerous?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Modern angiography devices are used to visualize the inside of the vessels, and these devices naturally produce a certain amount of X-rays. However, the technology in interventional radiology units is extremely advanced, and these devices are designed to provide maximum image quality with the lowest possible radiation dose. The devices focus only on the specific areas where the procedure is performed and where the catheter advances, and do not unnecessarily expose the entire body to radiation.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, due to the nature of the procedure, the radiation-emitting focal point remains quite far from the testicular region. Therefore, there is no risk of damage to the testicles or reproductive cells from radiation. The total dose received during the procedure does not pose more risk than a routine chest X-ray or a simple tomography scan.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_an_Aesthetic_Perspective_Does_the_Appearance_of_the_Testicles_Improve_After_Varicocele_Embolization\"><\/span>From an Aesthetic Perspective, Does the Appearance of the Testicles Improve After Varicocele Embolization?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Veins that have become visibly enlarged and twisted can be aesthetically disturbing for patients, especially in severe varicocele cases. When these problematic veins are closed from the inside during the procedure, the blood flow into the veins is immediately cut off. However, it takes some time for the vein walls, which have stretched and expanded like rubber until that day, to return to their original state and completely collapse.<\/p>\n<p>As weeks and months pass, these emptied structures are gradually reduced by the body and collapse like a dried riverbed. The bag-of-worms appearance largely disappears over time or becomes so subtle that it is not noticeable from the outside. Although tissue recovery varies from person to person, aesthetic results are highly satisfactory.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_There_Is_a_Problem_in_Both_Testicles_Can_Varicocele_Embolization_Be_Applied_to_Both_Sides_in_a_Single_Session\"><\/span>If There Is a Problem in Both Testicles, Can Varicocele Embolization Be Applied to Both Sides in a Single Session?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Although most cases are seen on the left side, in some cases varicocele development may be detected in both testicles. In open surgical methods, treating both sides requires making separate incisions on both the right and left sides of the groin, opening separate tissues, and results in twice as many scars.<\/p>\n<p>One of the best aspects of the embolization method is that a single needle entry point is sufficient to treat both sides. The catheter guided from that single point entered through the neck or groin uses the main junctions inside the body to first enter the left vein, and after completing the procedure there, it is withdrawn and directed to the vein on the right side. With a single session, single entry, and the same recovery time, the problem on both sides is completely resolved.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Possible_Side_Effects_of_Varicocele_Embolization_as_a_Medical_Procedure\"><\/span>What Are the Possible Side Effects of Varicocele Embolization as a Medical Procedure?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Although every medical procedure carries minimal risks, this treatment is considered one of the safest vascular procedures in the medical world. Compared to surgery, it does not carry the risk of serious organ damage or anesthesia complications. Conditions that may occur after the procedure are generally very mild and temporary.<\/p>\n<p>Possible mild side effects include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bruising<\/li>\n<li>Tenderness<\/li>\n<li>Lower back pain<\/li>\n<li>Mild nausea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A small bruise at the needle entry site is the most common condition and resolves on its own within a few days. Instant allergic reactions that the body may show to the dye or occlusive agents used, or temporary aches felt in the lower back area, can also be easily and quickly controlled.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Should_a_Patient_Who_Decides_on_Varicocele_Embolization_Bring_with_Them_When_Coming_to_the_Hospital\"><\/span>What Should a Patient Who Decides on Varicocele Embolization Bring with Them When Coming to the Hospital?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It is very important for patients to feel comfortable on the day of treatment to reduce stress. When coming to the hospital, comfortable clothing such as cotton, loose, and non-tight elastic sweatpants should be preferred. To speed up hospital procedures, all previously taken ultrasound images, sperm analysis reports, and, if available, blood test results should definitely be brought as a file.<\/p>\n<p>Although the patient will be able to walk on their own after the procedure, it is recommended not to drive due to a possible feeling of mild fatigue or as a precaution. Therefore, it is always the best approach to have a relative accompany the patient when leaving the hospital and safely take them home.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Varicocele embolization is the permanent closure of diseased veins in the testicles by entering through the vessel under angiographic guidance without making a surgical incision. This non-surgical procedure, performed by interventional radiology specialists, is the most advanced treatment method carried out through only a needle hole, without stitches and without requiring hospitalization. Unlike classical surgery, [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[320],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-treatments"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15305"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16522,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15305\/revisions\/16522"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurkilickesmez.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}